But Ling was just delighted about it, praised Mizi Xia for his loyalty to his mom, and then - in some versions - gave him blanket permission to take the carriage whenever. Totally understandable but also totally, y’know, illegal. We’ve all seen people like that - at least on Instagram, right? So, when Mizi Xia found out his mother was sick, he forged permission from Ling to take the duke’s carriage so he could get to her quickly. Like, I guess the kind of attractive where nothing they do matters, they’re perfect, you’ll never say anything bad about them. Mizi Xia had to have been very attractive. Especially since Han Fei wasn’t even born until a little over 200 years later - about 280 BCE. Unlike Ling, who we have actual historical records of, Mizi Xia’s existence is first recorded in Han Feizi by the philosopher Han Fei - so take this story with a grain of salt. Ling also, reportedly, had a male lover named Mizi Xia. Over the course of this 42 year reign, Ling married a woman named Nanzi and they had a few sons together. Ling continued ruling as duke of the state of Wei until his death in 493 BCE. (Of course, Confucius doesn’t know about battlefield strategy, and like, why would he? Of all the people to ask….) Anyways, Ling got to go home and continue being a not very good ruler because one of Beigong Xi’s people accidentally assassinated Qi Bao and ended the rebellion. Presumably that was because of this admission. Now, Ling appears in Chapter 15 of the Analects of Confucius, asking Confucius for military tactics. Guess that’s kind of a fair assessment of things. While he was in this exile, Ling admitted to not being a very good ruler. The rebellion was led by some members of his court named Qi Bao, Beigong Xi, and Chu Shipu and was successful enough that Ling fled to Siniao. The only real major event I can find during his reign was a rebellion in 522 CE, caused by his brother Gongmen Zhi being awful and abusing his power. So, Yuan rose to power and took the name Wei Ling Gong or Duke Ling of Wey in 535 BCE. One of the lords, Kong Zhengchi, conferred with oracles of I Ching and with a spirit, and determined that the next reigning duke (or gong) should be Yuan. Anyways, Xiang dies without saying which of his kids from which of his concubines is his heir apparent. So low-ranking I can’t find any trace of his mother’s name. Our story starts with a young man named Yuan who was the son of Wei Xiang Gong - or Duke Xiang of Wey - and a low-ranking concubine. Lacquer painting of Duke Ling and a princess consort Jinan, China: Shantong Science & Technology Press. Homosexuality: An annotated bibliography. The bigger variations of sex and love about the problems of homosexuality in China. In Junlu Yanqing, Shengyang: Liaonining Mingzu Press, pp. Male homosexuality in the traditional Chinese literature. Sex in China: Studies in sexology in Chinese culture. Beijing: Police Officers Education Press. Homosexuality bibliography: Second supplement, 1976–1982. Homosexuality bibliography: Supplement, 1970–1975. Homosexuality: A selective bibliography of 3,000 items. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. Sexual behavior in modem China - Areport of the nationwide “Sex Civilization” survey on 20,000 subjects in China. Taiyuan, China: Shanxi People’s Publication House. Their world - perspectives of male homosexual groups in mainland China. Zhengzhou, China: Henan People’s Publication House. Berkeley: University of California Press. Passions of the cut sleeve: The homosexual tradition in China. The sex-love of Yin-Yang inversion: An inquiry into homosexuality in China. A new look into the banned area of the studies of homosexuality in mainland China.
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